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1.What does ACHC mean?
2.What does Hybrid or Designer Dog mean?
3. In Light of Hybrid Dogs, how did the domestic dog get started?
4.What does AKC mean?
5.Are you a responsible Breeder? What is a puppy mill?
6.
Till we fill up this question page please email me or give us a call
with your questions or concerns.
Phone:
503-393-1260 or Email:
a.happytail@yahoo.com
1.What does ACHC mean?
ACHC stands for the American Canine Hybrid Club
which recognizes dog hybrids. Specifically
our Puggle and Beaglier puppies. We are able to have registered puppies because
all my Mama and Papa Doggies are registered with AKC, the American Kennel Club.
"ACHC was specifically Originated to Document Legitimate "Designer Dogs"
Registration and recognition of hybrids
Dog hybrids are not recognized by the main breed registries. They should not
be confused with independent breeds, which are also not recognized. The
difference lies in the longevity of the breed, the numbers of breeders and the
existence of a legitimate breed club, the number of specimens of the breed past
a certain number of generations, whether or not it breeds true to type, for how
long a breed registry has been maintained, and the reason for the non
recognition. Often independent breed clubs oppose recognition, for reasons which
usually concern maintaining independent control of the qualities of their chosen
breed.
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2.What does Hybrid or Designer dog's mean?
Dog hybrid
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A dog hybrid is a cross between two different
breeds. Hybrids are also known as crossbreeds or crossbreds. A dog of
unknown parentage is called a
mixed-breed dog.
In less technical conversation (and particularly in the dog world) the word
hybrid refers to selective breed crosses and their progeny, even if outcrossed
to other breeds. Hybrid also refers to the descendants of crossbred
progeny[1].
Because some traits are dominant, breeds tend to pass on some physical
characteristics to crosses more than others.
Border Collies and some
Spaniels, for example, often produce offspring with similar coats and ears.
The crossbreed offspring of
German Shepherds often have Shepherd faces and other characteristics.
Designer dogs
Some dog hybrids are now being selectively bred. The term designer dogs
is often used to refer to these crosses. The practice causes much controversy.
Whilst the trend to produce hybrid or designer dogs is considered new
it is, in fact, a continuation of the centuries-old practice of selective
breeding. All dog breeds were created for a particular purpose, usually
some form of hunting, herding, or guarding. These tasks have been largely
replaced by the need to produce healthy dogs with good temperaments as domestic
companions or pets.
Proponents insist that there are bona fide reasons for the breeding of some
specific crosses. The Labradoodle, for example, was first bred as an attempt to
develop guide dog for visually impaired people with
allergies.
All
text is available under the terms of the
GNU Free Documentation License. (See
Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered
501(c)(3)
tax-deductible
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3.In light of Hybrid dogs, how did the domestic dog get started?
Origin of the domestic dog
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The origin of the domestic dog is the history of the ancestry and the
domestication of the
dog (Canis lupus familiaris).
Domestication
Human
hunter-gatherers and wolves experienced several overlaps as both are
social species, they shared
habitat and
hunted the same
prey. There are several theories to explain possible routes for
domestication of the dog:
- Orphaned wolf-cubs: Studies have shown that some
wolf pups taken at an early age and reared by humans are easily tamed and
socialized.[2]
Once these early adoptees started breeding amongst themselves, a new
generation of tame "wolf-like" domestic animals would result which would over
generations of time, become more dog-like.
- The Promise of Food/Self Domestication: Early
wolves would, as scavengers, be attracted to the bones and refuse dumps of
human campsites. Dr.
Raymond Coppinger of Hampshire College,
Massachusetts, argues that those wolves that were more successful at
interacting with humans would pass these traits onto their offspring,
eventually creating wolves with a greater propensity to be domesticated.
Coppinger believes that a behavioral characteristic called "flight distance"
was crucial to the transformation from wild wolf to the ancestors of the
modern dog. It represents how close an animal will allow humans (or anything
else it perceives as dangerous) to get before it runs away. Animals with
shorter flight distances will linger, and feed, when humans are close by; this
behavioral trait would have been passed on to successive generations, and
amplified, creating animals that are increasingly more comfortable around
humans. "My argument is that what domesticated—or tame—means is to be able to
eat in the presence of human beings. That is the thing that wild wolves can't
do."[3]
Furthermore, selection for domesticity had the side effect of selecting
genetically related physical characteristics, and behavior such as barking.
Hypothetically, wolves separated into two populations - the village-oriented
scavengers and the packs of hunters. The next steps have not been defined, but
selective pressure must have been present to sustain the divergence of these
populations.
- As a
beast of burden: North American Indians used dog-sized
travois before adapting the horse for this purpose, and
huskies are famous for pulling sleds for
Inuit communities. It is very probable that the dog was the original beast
of burden before the domestication of the
horse or
ox.
- Dogs as a source of food and fur: Whilst
Westerners have difficulty thinking of dogs (or wolves) as a source of
meat, wolf fur is a highly prized commodity.
Archaeology has placed the earliest known
domestication at potentially
12,000 BC-10,000
BC and with certainty at
7,000 BC
[2]. Domestication of the wolf over time has produced a number of
physical changes typical of all
domesticated mammals. These include: a reduction in overall size; changes in
coat colouration and markings; a shorter jaw initially with crowding of the
teeth and, later, with the shrinking in size of the teeth; a reduction in brain
size and intelligence and thus in cranial capacity (particularly those areas
relating to alertness and sensory processing, necessary in the wild); and the
development of a pronounced “stop”, or vertical drop in front of the forehead (brachycephaly).
Behaviourally, the wagging of tails and barking are behaviours only found in
wolf puppies, retained via
neoteny throughout the dog's life. Certain wolf-like behaviours, such as the
regurgitation of partially digested food for the young, have also disappeared.
As an experiment in the domestication of wolves, the "farm
fox" experiment of
Russian scientist Dmitry Belyaev
[4] attempted to reenact of how domestication may have occurred.
Researchers working with selectively breeding wild
silver foxes over thirty-five generations and forty years for the sole trait
of friendliness to humans, created more dog-like animals. The
"domestic elite" foxes are much more friendly to humans and actually seek
human attention, but they also show new physical traits that parallel the
selection for tameness, even though the physical traits were not originally
selected for. They include spotted or black-and-white coats, floppy ears, tails
that curl over their backs, and earlier sexual maturity. It was reported "On
average, the domestic foxes respond to sounds two days earlier and open their
eyes one day earlier than their non-domesticated cousins. More striking is that
their
socialisation period has greatly increased. Instead of developing a fear
response at 6 weeks of age, the domesticated foxes don't show it until 9 weeks
of age or later. The whimpering and tail wagging is a holdover from puppyhood,
as are the foreshortened face and muzzle. Even the new coat colours can be
explained by the altered timing of development. One researcher found that the
migration of certain
melanocytes (which determine colour) was delayed, resulting in a black and
white 'star' pattern."
Specialization
As humans migrated around the planet a variety of dog forms migrated with
them. The
agricultural revolution and subsequent
urban revolution led to an increase in the dog population and a demand for
specialization. These circumstances would provide the opportunity for
selective breeding to create specialized
types of
working dogs and
pets.
Neoteny in the rapid evolution of diverse dog
breeds
This rapid evolution of dogs from wolves is an example of
neoteny or
paedomorphism. As with many species, the young wolves are more social and
less
dominant than adults; therefore, the selection for these characteristics,
whether deliberate or inadvertent, is more likely to result in a simple
retention of juvenile characteristics into adulthood than to generate a complex
of independent new changes in behavior. (This is true of many domesticated
animals, including humans themselves, who have many characteristics similar to
young
bonobos.) This paedomorphic selection naturally results in a retention of
juvenile physical characteristics as well. Compared to wolves, many adult dog
breeds retain such juvenile characteristics as soft fuzzy fur, round torsos,
large heads and eyes, ears that hang down rather than stand erect, etc.;
characteristics which are shared by most juvenile
mammals, and therefore generally elicit some degree of protective and
nurturing behavior cross-species from most adult mammals, including humans, who
term such characteristics "cute"
or "appealing".
The example of canine neoteny goes even further, in that the various breeds
are differently neotenized according to the type of behavior that was selected.[8]
-
Livestock guardian dogs exhibit the controlled characteristics of hunting
dogs. Members of this group, such as
Border Collies,
Belgian Malinois and
German Shepherds use tactics of hunter and prey to intimidate and keep
control of herds and flocks. Their natural instinct to bring down an animal
under their charge is muted by training. Other members of the group, including
Welsh Corgis,
Canaan dogs, and
Cattle dogs herd with a more aggressive demeanor(such as biting and
nipping at the heels of the animals) and make use of body design to elude the
defences of their charges.
-
Gun dog breeds used in hunting—that is,
pointers,
setters,
spaniels, and
retrievers—have an intermediate degree of paedomorphism; they are at the
point where they share in the pack's hunting behavior, but are still in a
junior role, not participating in the actual attack. They identify potential
prey and freeze into immobility, for instance, but refrain from then stalking
the prey as an adult predator would do next; this results in the "pointing"
behavior for which such dogs are bred. Similarly, they seize dead or wounded
prey and bring it back to the "pack", even though they did not attack it
themselves, that is, "retrieving" behavior. Their physical characteristics are
closer to that of the mature wild canine than the sheepdog breeds, but they
typically do not have erect ears, etc.".
-
Scenthounds maintain an intermediate body type and behavior pattern that
causes them to actually pursue prey by tracking their scent, but tend to
refrain from actual individual attacks in favor of vocally summoning the pack
leaders (in this case, humans) to do the job. They often have a characteristic
vocalization called a bay. Some examples are the Beagle, Bloodhound, Basset
Hound, Coonhound, Dachshund, Fox Hound, Otter Hound, and Harrier.
-
Sighthounds, who pursue and attack perceived prey on sight, maintain the
mature canine size and some features, such as narrow chest and lean bodies,
but have largely lost the erect ears of the wolf and thick double layered
coats. Some examples are the
Afghan Hound,
Borzoi,
Saluki,
Sloughi,
Pharaoh Hound,
Azawakh,
Whippet, and
Greyhound.
-
Mastiff-types are large dogs, both tall and massive with barrel-like
chests, large bones, and thick skulls. They have traditionally been bred for
war, protection, and guardian work.
-
Bulldog-types are medium sized dogs bred for combat against both wild and
domesticated animals. These dogs have a massive, square skull and large bones
with an extremely muscular build and broad shoulders.
-
Terriers similarly have adult aggressive behavior, famously coupled with a
lack of juvenile submission, and display correspondingly adult physical
features such as erect ears, although many breeds have also been selected for
size and sometimes
dwarfed legs to enable them to pursue prey in their burrows.
The least paedomorphic behavior pattern may be that of the
basenji, bred in
Africa to hunt alongside humans almost on a peer basis; this breed is often
described as highly independent, neither needing nor appreciating a great deal
of human attention or nurturing, often described as "catlike" in its behavior.
It too has the body plan of an adult canine predator. Of course, dogs in general
possess a significant ability to modify their behavior according to experience,
including adapting to the behavior of their "pack leaders"—again, humans. This
allows them to be trained to behave in a way that is not specifically the most
natural to their breed; nevertheless, the accumulated experience of thousands of
years shows that some combinations of nature and nurture are quite daunting, for
instance, training
whippets to guard flocks of sheep.
·
This page was last modified on 8 May 2008, at 15:24.
·
All text is available under the terms of the
GNU Free Documentation License. (See
Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered
501(c)(3)
tax-deductible
nonprofit
charity.
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4.What does AKC mean?
American Kennel Club
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The American Kennel Club (or AKC) is a
registry of
purebred
dog
pedigrees in the
United States. Beyond maintaining its pedigree registry, this
kennel club also promotes events for purebred dogs, including the
Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show, an annual event which predates the
official forming of the AKC, and the
AKC/Eukanuba National Championship. The AKC is not part of the International
Canine Organisation,
Fédération Cynologique Internationale, as most other countries' kennel clubs
are.
Dog registration
The AKC is not the only registry of purebred dogs, but it is the one with
which most Americans are familiar[1].
For a dog to be registered with the AKC, the dog's parents must be registered
with the AKC as the same
breed, and the litter in which the dog is born must be registered with the
AKC. Once these criteria are met, the dog can be registered as purebred by the
AKC. The top 5 dogs registered for 2007 are the same as 2006:
[2]
Registration indicates only that the dog's parents were registered as one
recognized breed; it does not necessarily indicate that the dog comes from
healthy or show-quality blood lines. Nor is registration necessarily a
reflection on the quality of the breeder or how the puppy was raised. In 2006,
the Board of Directors of the AKC signed a contract with
Petland pet stores to facilitate the registration of dogs sold by Petland
and bred by the Hunte Corporation, the largest commercial dog breeder in the U.S. After a brief flurry of controversy, the AKC
rescinded the Petland contract, but as AKC Chairman Ron Menaker notes, the AKC
has "been registering AKC eligible puppies from Petland, and every other company
selling AKC registrable puppies" "for the past 122 years."[3]
Registration is necessary only for breeders (so they can sell registered
puppies) or for purebred
conformation show or purebred
dog sports participation.
(AKC), national organization in the United States devoted to the advancement
and welfare of pure-bred dogs. It is comprised of approximately 500 autonomous
clubs. A delegate represents each club in the AKC's legislative body, which
votes on the rules and regulations that govern dog shows and obedience and field
trials. The AKC keeps a registry of recognized breeds and records the ancestry
of registered pure-bred dogs in its stud book. It also provides educational
materials for dog owners and sponsors rescue groups for each breed. See the
official publications of the American Kennel Club, including The Complete Dog
Book (18th ed. 1992).
·
This page was last modified on 8 May 2008, at 15:24.·
All text is available under the terms of the
GNU Free Documentation License. (See
Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered
501(c)(3)
tax-deductible
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5.Are you a responsible Breeder?
What is a Puppy mill?
Yes, we are a responsible breeder and
assume the true responsibility of complete care for all of our pets. We are
always learning and improving our methods. We take guidance from more
knowledgeable, responsible Breeders and our Veterinarian .
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Puppy mills (also known as puppy farms outside of the
United States) are large-scale
dog breeding facilities that operate under substandard breeding conditions[1][2]
that provoke the development of chronic health problems,
temperament issues, and hereditary defects.[1]
The term can be applied to operations involving other animals irresponsibly
bred for profit, e.g. "kitty mills."[3]
Animals that have been produced in mills are most commonly sold at
pet stores to unsuspecting consumers.[4]
Differences in breeding conditions
Responsible breeders raise their animals with the intent to produce a healthy
dog, and to provide a quality pet for responsible owners.[5]
Good breeders will take into consideration
breed-specific health problems, genetic screening, physical condition, age
of the dog and temperament before producing
litters. A good breeder will carefully nurture the mothers and the puppies
they produce. They will constantly check the puppies for health ailments, and
ensure they are properly
socialized.[6]
Before placing puppies in their homes, breeders screen potential customers
rigorously, and will often provide a
pedigree. A good breeder should provide at least a two year health guarantee
with their puppies, …They will provide new owners with all the information
necessary for caring for their puppy.[7]
In contrast, dogs bred in puppy mills are usually kept in overcrowded and
unsanitary conditions. They usually do not receive adequate food, water or
veterinary care. Both breeding dogs and their puppies tend to be housed in
extremely cramped conditions, often exposed to the elements. Females are
sometimes forced to breed every time they are in heat to increase profits,
resulting in gradually decreasing sizes of litters.[1][8]
As puppies, mill dogs are
weaned from their mothers well before the eight to ten weeks recommended.[9]
Dogs in puppy mills are often bred indiscriminately. While puppies produced from
puppy mills may come with pedigrees, the pedigree itself is neither an
indication of quality nor authenticity — many pedigrees produced by puppy mills
are faked.[4]
Effects
As a result of poor breeding conditions located in puppy mills, puppies
acquired from puppy mills tend to have issues not typically identified with
reputable breeders. Puppies raised in a cramped environment shared by many other
dogs become poorly socialized to both other dogs and humans. Dogs are then
transported over long distances in poor conditions, sometimes resulting in the
deaths of many dogs. As the surviving mill dogs grow older, they are more prone
to being diagnosed with respiratory ailments and
pneumonia, as well as hereditary defects such as
hip dysplasia.[1]
In addition, mill dogs are more prone to have problems with their temperament.
Puppies from mills are usually sold as purebred dogs in an attempt to fetch the
higher prices associated with purebreds. However, due to the indiscriminate
breeding practices of puppy mills, the dog may or may not actually be a purebred
puppy.[4]
The vast majority of puppy mill animals are sold to pet stores by "dealers".
Some puppies are sold by dealers masquerading as authentic breeders. Reputable
breeders never sell puppies to dealers or pet stores.[4][9]
Most animal rights groups recommend purchasing purebred puppies directly from
responsible breeders. In addition, local animal shelters are a reliable source
for puppies that does not directly benefit puppy mill operators. Another
recommended source for puppies are breed-specific rescue organizations.[1]
History
According to Canis Major publications, puppy mills originated in the post-World
War II era. Midwestern farmers looking for an alternative crop reacted to a
growing demand for puppies, resulting in the development of the first commercial
puppy business. As the business grew, both small and large retail outlets began
to sell puppies through pet departments. At around the same time, the first pet
store chains were born.[10]
Through a bad result of indifference or ignorance, many puppies were left
unsocialized or exposed in existing chicken coops or rabbit hutches. In
addition, veterinary care for these puppies was often overlooked because of an
inability to pay. As a result, organizations such as the
Humane Society of the United States began to investigate breeding kennels,
leading to the passage of the
Animal Welfare Act of
August 24,
1966.[10][11]
The term "puppy mill" has been widely used by
animal rights groups in protests against smaller breeders who may appear to
have substandard breeding conditions. Such breeders, occasionally labeled hobby
breeders, are often cited by animal rights groups as puppy mills. Hobby breeders
claim that emotional rhetoric, sensationalism, and pictures of dirty kennels are
used to justify additional legislation or additional restrictive licensing that
travels well beyond the initial goal of removing dogs from truly deplorable
conditions.[10]
Some hobby breeders argue that many attempts to legislate puppy mills would
place them out of business. Many hobby breeders argue the laws, which often
require extra paperwork and inspections, would be more of a nuisance than help
in shutting down puppy mills. Such breeders often cite existing
lemon laws for puppies as sufficient protection for both dogs and
prospective buyers.[13]
·
All text is available under the terms of the
GNU Free Documentation License. (See
Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered
501(c)(3)
tax-deductible
nonprofit
charity.
Back to top
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Email a.happytail@yahoo.com
or Call Shelly at 530-393-1260
For puppies availability and price.
When the Puggle puppies or
Beaglier puppies are old enough you can come pick up your "new baby"
or we can guarantee safe shipment to you.
We accept Visa, MC credit and debit cards.
Money Orders, personal Checks or Escrow.com. Another great way is to
go with our pre-payment plan.
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